Yasuhiro Hashimoto, Hiroki Sato, and Takashi Ikegami

Entropy 2026, 28(4), 398

Social media platforms offer unprecedented opportunities to study cultural evolution by analyzing digital traces. This study presents a methodological framework for analyzing the temporal dynamics of cultural modules in hashtag co-occurrence networks. We address the inherent challenges of analyzing dense, skewed, and highly variable cultural networks by introducing a perturbation ensemble clustering approach that distinguishes stable from unstable structural elements. By applying the Leiden algorithm to a perturbed ensemble of hashtag networks, we identify robust core modules and their stable periphery, and distinguish them from floating elements with unstable associations. Analysis of four years of data from a major photo-sharing platform reveals complex patterns in the evolution of cultural modules, including both stable associations and dynamic reorganizations. Our findings demonstrate how ensemble clustering techniques can effectively capture the interplay between stability and change in evolving cultural systems.

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