In a voter game, information gerrymandering can sway the outcome of the vote towards one party, even when both parties have equal sizes and each player has the same influence; and this effect can be exaggerated by strategically placed zealots or automated bots.

Information gerrymandering and undemocratic decisions
Alexander J. Stewart, Mohsen Mosleh, Marina Diakonova, Antonio A. Arechar, David G. Rand & Joshua B. Plotkin
Naturevolume 573, pages 117–121 (2019)

Source: www.nature.com

The algorithms that underlie much of the modern world have grown so complex that we can’t always predict what they’ll do. Iyad Rahwan’s radical idea: The best way to understand them is to observe their behavior in the wild.

Source: www.quantamagazine.org

Most information dynamics and statistical causal analysis frameworks rely on the common intuition that causal interactions are intrinsically pairwise — every ’cause’ variable has an associated ‘effect’ variable, so that a ‘causal arrow’ can be drawn between them. However, analyses that depict interdependencies as directed graphs fail to discriminate the rich variety of modes of information flow that can coexist within a system. This, in turn, creates problems with attempts to operationalise the concepts of ‘dynamical complexity’ or `integrated information.’ To address this shortcoming, we combine concepts of partial information decomposition and integrated information, and obtain what we call Integrated Information Decomposition, or ΦID. We show how ΦID paves the way for more detailed analyses of interdependencies in multivariate time series, and sheds light on collective modes of information dynamics that have not been reported before. Additionally, ΦID reveals that what is typically referred to as ‘integration’ is actually an aggregate of several heterogeneous phenomena. Furthermore, ΦID can be used to formulate new, tailored measures of integrated information, as well as to understand and alleviate the limitations of existing measures.

 

Beyond integrated information: A taxonomy of information dynamics phenomena

Pedro A.M. Mediano, Fernando Rosas, Robin L. Carhart-Harris, Anil K. Seth, Adam B. Barrett

Source: arxiv.org