C. Marchuk, L. Ríos, A. González, S. González, G. Pereira and C. von Lücken, “A Computational Economic Complexity Model for Regional Economic Integration: Analysis of the EU, MERCOSUR, URUPABOL, and the AndeanCommunity,” 2025 IEEE CHILEAN Conference on Electrical, Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies (CHILECON), Valparaíso, Chile, 2025, pp. 1-8, doi: 10.1109/CHILECON66915.2025.11476476.

Regional Economic Integration is a process by which countries seek mutual benefits through the reduction of trade, social, and political barriers. This paper introduces a computational mathematical model grounded in Economic Complexity Theory to analyze economic blocs as unified entities. Four case studies are examined: the European Union, MERCOSUR, URUPABOL, and the Andean Community. Using real export data and complexity metrics, we identify the combined productive capacities of member countries. Results reveal that integration enhances product diversity and increases the ubiquity of exports within the bloc. The study demonstrates that regional integration boosts development and strengthens competitiveness in the global economy. The proposed methodological approach provides a novel tool for regional analysis and serves as a foundation for future strategies in economic cooperation and productive planning. This research contributes to understanding how collective capabilities can generate synergies that exceed individual national potentials, particularly in the context of Latin American regional development.

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Mario Franco & Carlos Gershenson
Front. Artif. Intell., Volume 9 – 2026

Nowadays, neural networks act as a synonym for artificial intelligence. Present neural network models, although remarkably powerful, are inefficient both in terms of data and energy. Several alternative forms of neural networks have been proposed to address some of these problems. Specifically, spiking neural networks are suitable for efficient hardware implementations. However, effective learning algorithms for spiking networks remain elusive, although it is suspected that effective plasticity mechanisms could alleviate the problem of data efficiency. Here, we present a new framework for spiking neural networks—Spark (https://github.com/Nogarx/Spark)—built upon the idea of modular design, from simple components to entire models. The aim of this framework is to provide an efficient and streamlined pipeline for spiking neural networks. We showcase this framework by solving the sparse-reward cartpole problem with simple plasticity mechanisms. We hope that a framework compatible with traditional ML pipelines may accelerate research in the area, specifically for continuous and unbatched learning, akin to the one animals exhibit

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The universe creatively sets the rules for its own becoming.

Stuart Kauffman is a theoretical biologist and leading complexity scientist who has argued that the self-organization of organisms is as influential in evolution as natural selection. His seminal book on the subject is “The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Natural Selection in Evolution” (1993). He spoke recently with Noema Editor-in-Chief Nathan Gardels.

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Multilayer network science has emerged as a central framework for analysing interconnected and interdependent complex systems. Its relevance has grown substantially with the increasing availability of rich, heterogeneous data, which makes it possible to uncover and exploit the inherently multilayered organisation of many real-world networks. In this review, we summarise recent developments in the field. On the theoretical and methodological front, we outline core concepts and survey advances in community detection, dynamical processes, temporal networks, higher-order interactions, and machine-learning-based approaches. On the application side, we discuss progress across diverse domains, including interdependent infrastructures, spreading dynamics, computational social science, economic and financial systems, ecological and climate networks, science-of-science studies, network medicine, and network neuroscience. We conclude with a forward-looking perspective, emphasizing the need for standardised datasets and software, deeper integration of temporal and higher-order structures, and a transition toward genuinely predictive models of complex systems.

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Reda Benkirane

Complex Systems, 34(4), 2026 pp. 387–400.

Complexity, a term that is both ambiguous and multifaceted, is used widely today. Various legitimate definitions can be proposed for it, as is the case with “ample” notions such as intelligence, consciousness or culture. The recurrent mention of this term can be attributed to the transformation of our societies and their artifacts, as well as the acceleration of time brought by the digital revolution—a technological upheaval comparable to the invention of writing and the printing press.

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